{"id":8924,"date":"2022-10-01T19:50:32","date_gmt":"2022-10-01T19:50:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/egehukukofisi.com\/?p=8924"},"modified":"2022-10-01T19:51:26","modified_gmt":"2022-10-01T19:51:26","slug":"are-tenants-responsible-for-obsolescence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egehukukofisi.com\/en\/are-tenants-responsible-for-obsolescence\/","title":{"rendered":"Are Tenants Responsible for Obsolescence?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"yarg\u0131tay<\/p>\n

Should Tenants Repair Aging in the Home?<\/h2>\n

Kirac\u0131lar\u00a0Eskimelerden\u00a0Sorumlu\u00a0Mudur? sorusunun cevab\u0131 olarak \u015funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz; Kirac\u0131, ola\u011fan kullan\u0131m neticesinde meydana gelen eskime ve bozulmalardan sorumlu de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

T.C. Yarg\u0131tay 3. Hukuk Dairesi
\nEsas:<\/strong>\u00a02019\/5552
\nKarar:\u00a0<\/strong>2020\/206
\nK.T.:<\/strong>\u00a015.1.2020<\/p>\n

\u2022 K\u0130RA S\u00d6ZLE\u015eMES\u0130NDEN KAYNAKLANAN ALACAK (Ger\u00e7ek Zarar\u0131n Belirtilen \u015eekilde Tespit Edilerek Sonucuna G\u00f6re Bir Karar Verilmesi Gerekirken Kira S\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinin Y\u0131l Ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n Al\u0131nmas\u0131 Suretiyle Hatal\u0131 Hesaplama Yap\u0131lan Bilirki\u015fi Raporuna Dayal\u0131 Olarak Karar Verilmesinin Do\u011fru G\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011fi )<\/h4>\n

\u2022 HOR KULLANIM NEDEN\u0130YLE OLU\u015eAN ZARAR VE HASAR (Belirlenirken Her Bir Kira S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ve Kiralanan\u0131n Cinsi ve Durumu Ayr\u0131 Ayr\u0131 De\u011ferlendirilerek Yine Her Bir Kiralanan\u0131n Kullan\u0131m S\u00fcresi Her Bir Kira S\u00f6zle\u015fmesine G\u00f6re Ayr\u0131 Ayr\u0131 Hesaplanarak Kullan\u0131m S\u00fcresi \u0130le Orant\u0131l\u0131 Olarak Y\u0131pranma Pay\u0131n\u0131n Hesap Edilip Alacaktan D\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesi Gerekti\u011fi )<\/h4>\n

\u2022 OLA\u011eAN KULLANIM (Kirac\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmeye Uygun Ola\u011fan Kullanma Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Olu\u015fan Eskime ve Bozulmalardan Sorumlu Olmay\u0131p M\u00fcnhas\u0131ran K\u00f6t\u00fc Kullan\u0131m Nedeniyle Olu\u015fan Zarar ve Hasardan Sorumlu Oldu\u011fu )<\/h4>\n

6098\/m.316,334<\/h4>\n

818\/m.256,266<\/h4>\n

\u00d6ZET :\u00a0<\/strong>6098 Say\u0131l\u0131 T.B.K.nun\u00a0316. (B.K.nun 256 ) maddesi h\u00fckm\u00fc uyar\u0131nca kirac\u0131 kiralanan\u0131 tam bir \u00f6zenle kullanmak ve ayn\u0131 kanunun 334. (B.K.nun 266 ) maddesi gere\u011fince s\u00f6zle\u015fme sonunda ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 hali ile kiralayana teslim etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ancak kirac\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye uygun ola\u011fan kullanma dolay\u0131s\u0131yla olu\u015fan eskime ve bozulmalardan sorumlu olmay\u0131p m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran k\u00f6t\u00fc kullan\u0131m nedeniyle olu\u015fan zarar ve hasardan sorumludur. Daval\u0131n\u0131n kiralanan\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre ve kullanma amac\u0131 g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde ola\u011fan kullan\u0131mdan kaynaklanan y\u0131pranma ve eskimelerin olaca\u011f\u0131 ku\u015fkusuzdur. O halde mahkemece al\u0131nacak bilirki\u015fi raporu ile hor kullan\u0131m nedeniyle olu\u015fan zarar ve hasar belirlenirken her bir kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ve kiralanan\u0131n cinsi ve durumu ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilerek yine her bir kiralanan\u0131n kullan\u0131m s\u00fcresi her bir kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine g\u00f6re ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 hesaplanarak kullan\u0131m s\u00fcresi ile orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak y\u0131pranma pay\u0131n\u0131n hesap edilip alacaktan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesi gerekir. Mahkemece ger\u00e7ek zarar\u0131n belirtilen \u015fekilde tespit edilerek sonucuna g\u00f6re bir karar verilmesi gerekirken kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinin y\u0131l ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 suretiyle hatal\u0131 hesaplama yap\u0131lan bilirki\u015fi raporuna dayal\u0131 olarak yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde karar verilmesi do\u011fru g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

DAVA :\u00a0<\/strong>Taraflar aras\u0131ndaki kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden kaynaklanan alacak davas\u0131n\u0131n mahkemece yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lamas\u0131 sonucunda, davan\u0131n k\u0131smen kabul\u00fcne dair verilen h\u00fckm\u00fcn, s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde daval\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan temyiz edilmesi \u00fczerine; temyiz dilek\u00e7esinin kabul\u00fcne karar verildikten sonra, dosya i\u00e7erisindeki ka\u011f\u0131tlar okunup gere\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n

KARAR :\u00a0<\/strong>Davac\u0131, daval\u0131 ile aralar\u0131nda kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri bulundu\u011funu, daval\u0131 kirac\u0131n\u0131n 03\/01\/2011 tarihinde kiralanan\u0131 tahliye etti\u011fini, daval\u0131n\u0131n kiralananlarda projeye ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir\u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde kiralanan binalardaki her t\u00fcrl\u00fc bak\u0131m, i\u015fletme, onar\u0131m ve hasar i\u015flerinin kirac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131lanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirtildi\u011fi halde kirac\u0131n\u0131n hasarlar\u0131 gidermedi\u011fini, bu nedenle mahkeme arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla zarar miktar\u0131 ve onar\u0131m s\u00fcresinin tespit edildi\u011fini, tespit edilen hasar bedeli ile 4 ayl\u0131k onar\u0131m s\u00fcresi kira bedelinin tahsili amac\u0131yla takip ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, daval\u0131n\u0131n haks\u0131z yere takibe itiraz etti\u011fini belirterek, itiraz\u0131n iptaline karar verilmesini talep etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Daval\u0131, kiralanan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n \u0130stanbul Teknik \u00dcniversitesi \u00f6\u011fretim g\u00f6revlilerince yap\u0131lan inceleme sonucunda binaya g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 veya yeniden in\u015fa edilmesi gerekti\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde rapor al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, binalarda davac\u0131 kurumun bilgisi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda projeye ayk\u0131r\u0131 imalatlar veya y\u0131k\u0131mlar\u0131n yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, gerekli bak\u0131m ve tadilatlar\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, dava konusu binan\u0131n deprem riski dolay\u0131s\u0131yla zorunlu olarak bo\u015falt\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve binan\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131larak yeniden yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirterek davan\u0131n reddini dilemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Mahkemece, davan\u0131n kabul\u00fcne, daval\u0131n\u0131n icra dosyas\u0131na yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu itiraz\u0131n\u0131n iptaline, takibin devam\u0131na, alacak yarg\u0131lamay\u0131 gerektirdi\u011finden davac\u0131 yarar\u0131na icra ink\u00e2r tazminat\u0131 takdirine yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verilmi\u015f; H\u00fckm\u00fcn taraflarca temyizi \u00fczerine\u00a0Yarg\u0131tay 6. Hukuk Dairesinin tarih 2016\/2233\u00a0Esas 2016\/3110 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 ilam\u0131 ile davac\u0131 vekilinin temyiz dilek\u00e7esinin reddine, \u201cDaval\u0131 vekilinin temyiz itirazlar\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesinde; Dosya kapsam\u0131na, toplanan delillere, mevcut deliller mahkemece takdir edilerek karar verilmi\u015f olmas\u0131na ve takdirde de bir isabetsizlik bulunmamas\u0131na g\u00f6re daval\u0131 vekilinin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki bendin kapsam\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan temyiz itirazlar\u0131 yerinde de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Daval\u0131 vekilinin hor kullanma tazminat\u0131na y\u00f6nelik temyiz itirazlar\u0131na gelince; Dava tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte bulunan 6098 Say\u0131l\u0131 T.B.K.\u2019nun\u00a0316. maddesi (818 Say\u0131l\u0131 eski B.K.\u2019nun\u00a0256. maddesi ) h\u00fckm\u00fc uyar\u0131nca kirac\u0131 kiralanan\u0131 tam bir \u00f6zenle kullanmak ve ayn\u0131 kanunun 334. maddesi (818 Say\u0131l\u0131 BK\u2019nun\u00a0266. maddesi ) gere\u011fince kiralanan\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fme sonunda ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 hali ile kiraya verene teslim etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ancak kirac\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye uygun kullanma dolay\u0131s\u0131yla olu\u015fan eskime ve bozulmalardan sorumlu olmay\u0131p m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran k\u00f6t\u00fc kullan\u0131m nedeniyle olu\u015fan zarar ve hasardan sorumludur. \u2026 Mahkemece, bilirki\u015fi raporu dikkate al\u0131narak davan\u0131n kabul\u00fcne karar verilmi\u015fse de; H\u00fckme esas al\u0131nan tespit raporunda onar\u0131m gerektiren i\u015flerin ola\u011fan kullan\u0131mdan m\u0131 kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoksa k\u00f6t\u00fc kullan\u0131mdan m\u0131 kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k \u015fekilde belirtilmemi\u015ftir. Mahkemece, bu husus \u00fczerinde durulup yeniden bilirki\u015filerden denetime elveri\u015fli rapor al\u0131narak daval\u0131 kirac\u0131n\u0131n kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131 da dikkate al\u0131nmak suretiyle hor kullanma tazminat\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi gerekirken noksan ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve inceleme ile yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde karar verilmesi do\u011fru de\u011fildir.\u201d gerek\u00e7esiyle h\u00fckm\u00fcn bozulmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Mahkemece bozma ilam\u0131na uyulmak suretiyle yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama neticesinde, davac\u0131n\u0131n davas\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131smen kabul\u00fcne, takibin toplam 1.829.326,86 TL as\u0131l alacak miktar\u0131 \u00fczerinden ve takip tarihinden itibaren as\u0131l alaca\u011fa 3095 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un\u00a01,\u00a02\/1. Maddeleri uyar\u0131nca hesaplanacak yasal temerr\u00fct faizi ile birlikte tahsili i\u00e7in takibin devam\u0131na karar verilmi\u015f; H\u00fck\u00fcm, daval\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan temyiz edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

1- ) Dosya kapsam\u0131na, toplanan delillere, mevcut deliller mahkemece takdir edilerek karar verilmi\u015f olmas\u0131na ve takdirde de bir isabetsizlik bulunmamas\u0131na g\u00f6re daval\u0131n\u0131n sair temyiz itirazlar\u0131 yerinde de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

2- ) Mahkemece yarg\u0131lama s\u0131ras\u0131nda al\u0131nan ve karara dayanak yap\u0131lan 27\/04\/2018 tarihli bilirki\u015fi kurulu raporu incelendi\u011finde, taraflar aras\u0131nda birden fazla kiralanana ait kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi bulundu\u011funa de\u011finilerek ilk kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 01\/01\/1985 tarihli oldu\u011fu, en son ise 01\/07\/2009 tarihinde otoparka ili\u015fkin kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin imzaland\u0131\u011f\u0131, en eski kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin y\u0131l\u0131 ile en son tarihli kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n toplam\u0131n\u0131n ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi neticesinde t\u00fcm kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinin ortalama ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131n 1997 y\u0131l\u0131 olarak kabul edildi\u011fi ve bu \u015fekilde yap\u0131lan hesaplama sonucunda 14 y\u0131ll\u0131k y\u0131pranma pay\u0131n\u0131n da % 17 oran\u0131nda olaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilerek neticeye ula\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Taraflar aras\u0131nda akdedilen 01\/01\/1985 ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 tarihli ve bir y\u0131l s\u00fcreli kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile hastane olarak kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere 3, 4, 5 ve 6 Say\u0131l\u0131 4 b\u00f6l\u00fcm blok halindeki binalar\u0131n, 12\/12\/1993 ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 tarihli ve be\u015f y\u0131l s\u00fcreli kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile 2 bodrum ve 5 normal katl\u0131 binan\u0131n, 15\/01\/1996 ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 tarihli ve 1 y\u0131l s\u00fcreli kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile 2. blokun bodrum kat\u0131ndaki 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ve 10 numaral\u0131 odalar\u0131n, 01\/01\/1996 ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 tarihli ve bir y\u0131l s\u00fcreli kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile 6. blokun 1. bodrum kat\u0131n\u0131n , 01\/01\/1996 ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 tarihli ve bir y\u0131l s\u00fcreli di\u011fer kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile 860 m\u00b2 barakan\u0131n, 01\/01\/1997 ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 tarihli ve 12 ay s\u00fcreli kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile 452 m\u00b2 radyoterapi makine odalar\u0131n\u0131n, 01\/03\/2000 ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 tarihli ve bir y\u0131l s\u00fcreli kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile k\u00fct\u00fcphane, konferans salonu ve kemoterapi merkezi alan\u0131n\u0131n kiraland\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususunda uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

6098 Say\u0131l\u0131 T.B.K.nun\u00a0316. (B.K.nun 256 ) maddesi h\u00fckm\u00fc uyar\u0131nca kirac\u0131 kiralanan\u0131 tam bir \u00f6zenle kullanmak ve ayn\u0131 kanunun 334. (B.K.nun 266 ) maddesi gere\u011fince s\u00f6zle\u015fme sonunda ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 hali ile kiralayana teslim etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ancak kirac\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye uygun ola\u011fan kullanma dolay\u0131s\u0131yla olu\u015fan eskime ve bozulmalardan sorumlu olmay\u0131p m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran k\u00f6t\u00fc kullan\u0131m nedeniyle olu\u015fan zarar ve hasardan sorumludur. Daval\u0131n\u0131n kiralanan\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre ve kullanma amac\u0131 g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde ola\u011fan kullan\u0131mdan kaynaklanan y\u0131pranma ve eskimelerin olaca\u011f\u0131 ku\u015fkusuzdur. O halde mahkemece al\u0131nacak bilirki\u015fi raporu ile hor kullan\u0131m nedeniyle olu\u015fan zarar ve hasar belirlenirken her bir kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ve kiralanan\u0131n cinsi ve durumu ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilerek yine her bir kiralanan\u0131n kullan\u0131m s\u00fcresi her bir kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine g\u00f6re ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 hesaplanarak kullan\u0131m s\u00fcresi ile orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak y\u0131pranma pay\u0131n\u0131n hesap edilip alacaktan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n

Mahkemece ger\u00e7ek zarar\u0131n belirtilen \u015fekilde tespit edilerek sonucuna g\u00f6re bir karar verilmesi gerekirken kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinin y\u0131l ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 suretiyle hatal\u0131 hesaplama yap\u0131lan bilirki\u015fi raporuna dayal\u0131 olarak yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde karar verilmesi do\u011fru g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

SONU\u00c7 :\u00a0<\/strong>Yukar\u0131da birinci bentte a\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle daval\u0131n\u0131n sair temyiz itirazlar\u0131n\u0131n reddine, ikinci bentte a\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle h\u00fckm\u00fcn HUMK\u2019nun\u00a0428. maddesi gere\u011fince daval\u0131 yarar\u0131na BOZULMASINA, pe\u015fin al\u0131nan temyiz harc\u0131n\u0131n istek halinde temyiz edene iadesine, 6100 Say\u0131l\u0131 HMK\u2019n\u0131n Ge\u00e7ici Madde 3 atf\u0131yla 1086 Say\u0131l\u0131 HUMK\u2019n\u0131n\u00a0440. maddesi gere\u011fince karar\u0131n tebli\u011finden itibaren 15 g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde karar d\u00fczeltme yolu a\u00e7\u0131k olmak \u00fczere, 15.01.2020 g\u00fcn\u00fcnde oybirli\u011fi ile karar verildi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Should Tenants Repair Aging in the Home? Kirac\u0131lar\u00a0Eskimelerden\u00a0Sorumlu\u00a0Mudur? sorusunun cevab\u0131 olarak \u015funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz; Kirac\u0131, ola\u011fan kullan\u0131m neticesinde meydana gelen eskime ve bozulmalardan sorumlu de\u011fildir. T.C. Yarg\u0131tay 3. Hukuk Dairesi Esas:\u00a02019\/5552 Karar:\u00a02020\/206 K.T.:\u00a015.1.2020 \u2022 K\u0130RA S\u00d6ZLE\u015eMES\u0130NDEN KAYNAKLANAN ALACAK (Ger\u00e7ek Zarar\u0131n Belirtilen \u015eekilde Tespit Edilerek Sonucuna G\u00f6re Bir Karar Verilmesi Gerekirken Kira S\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinin Y\u0131l Ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n Al\u0131nmas\u0131 Suretiyle […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8924","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/egehukukofisi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8924","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/egehukukofisi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/egehukukofisi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egehukukofisi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egehukukofisi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8924"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/egehukukofisi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8924\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/egehukukofisi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8924"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egehukukofisi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8924"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egehukukofisi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8924"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}